These agents have a more favorable tolerance profile compared to that of chemotherapy for improving results and improve the results. 13, 14 The programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are humanized monoclonal antibodies that block the PD‐1 receptor, a negative regulator on lymphocytes. These drugs are monoclonal antibodies that bind to and interfere with negative regulator receptors on T lymphocytes, which in turn allow the lymphocytes to remain active and target NSCLC cells. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 New immunotherapies, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have also played an integral role in advancing outcomes for patients with advanced NSCLC in recent years. 7 The EGFR inhibitors have received approval from the results of randomized trials demonstrating a benefit on improved progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR).
KEYNOTE 024 TRIAL DRIVER
Genetic‐based therapies comprise treatments that address a common driver mutations (Epithelioma Growth Factor Receptor = EGFR mutation) seen in 11% of NSCLC tumors and ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma Kinase) translocations in 5%. These therapeutic advances are broadly represented by two approaches: genetic‐ and immune‐based therapies. 2, 3 Fortunately, over the last 10 years, we have seen an appreciable increase in effective therapies that are significantly improving clinical outcomes, raising the hope of a substantial decrease in NSCLC‐associated mortality.
In the past, patients with advanced (unresectable or metastatic) NSCLC had a median survival of 8‐12 months. While the incidence of lung cancer is on the decrease in men, it continues to increase in women from 3.6% in 1980 to 19.2% today because of an inversion in smoking habits. 1 In 2018, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer ranked first in terms of mortality in man, with 1.2 million estimated deaths per year, and fourth in terms of incidence, with 2.1 million new cases estimated, (28% of all cancers). Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common and deadly malignancy with over 2.1 millions new diagnoses and over 1.8 million associated deaths per year worldwide.
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